| 1. |
- Norlin, Nils, et al.
(author)
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Aggregation and fibril morphology of the Arctic mutation of Alzheimer's Aβ peptide by CD, TEM, STEM and in situ AFM
- 2012
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In: Journal of Structural Biology. - San Diego, CA, USA : Academic Press. - 1047-8477 .- 1095-8657. ; 180:1, s. 174-189
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Morphology of aggregation intermediates, polymorphism of amyloid fibrils and aggregation kinetics of the "Arctic" mutant of the Alzheimer's amyloid β-peptide, Aβ((1-40))(E22G), in a physiologically relevant Tris buffer (pH 7.4) were thoroughly explored in comparison with the human wild type Alzheimer's amyloid peptide, wt-Aβ((1-40)), using both in situ atomic force and electron microscopy, circular dichroism and thioflavin T fluorescence assays. For arc-Aβ((1-40)) at the end of the 'lag'-period of fibrillization an abrupt appearance of ∼3nm size 'spherical aggregates' with a homogeneous morphology, was identified. Then, the aggregation proceeds with a rapid growth of amyloid fibrils with a variety of morphologies, while the spherical aggregates eventually disappeared during in situ measurements. Arc-Aβ((1-40)) was also shown to form fibrils at much lower concentrations than wt-Aβ((1-40)): ⩽2.5μM and 12.5μM, respectively. Moreover, at the same concentration, 50μM, the aggregation process proceeds more rapidly for arc-Aβ((1-40)): the first amyloid fibrils were observed after c.a. 72h from the onset of incubation as compared to approximately 7days for wt-Aβ((1-40)). Amyloid fibrils of arc-Aβ((1-40)) exhibit a large variety of polymorphs, at least five, both coiled and non-coiled distinct fibril structures were recognized by AFM, while at least four types of arc-Aβ((1-40)) fibrils were identified by TEM and STEM and their mass-per-length statistics were collected suggesting supramolecular structures with two, four and six β-sheet laminae. Our results suggest a pathway of fibrillogenesis for full-length Alzheimer's peptides with small and structurally ordered transient spherical aggregates as on-pathway immediate precursors of amyloid fibrils.
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| 2. |
- Antzutkin, Oleg, et al.
(author)
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Multiple quantum solid-state NMR indicates a parallel, not antiparallel, organization of β-sheets in Alzheimer's β-amyloid fibrils
- 2000
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 97:24, s. 13045-13050
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Senile plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease contain deposits of fibrils formed by 39- to 43-residue β-amyloid peptides with possible neurotoxic effects. X-ray diffraction measurements on oriented fibril bundles have indicated an extended β-sheet structure for Alzheimer's β-amyloid fibrils and other amyloid fibrils, but the supramolecular organization of the β-sheets and other structural details are not well established because of the intrinsically noncrystalline, insoluble nature of amyloid fibrils. Here we report solid-state NMR measurements, using a multiple quantum (MQ) 13C NMR technique, that probe the β-sheet organization in fibrils formed by the full-length, 40-residue β-amyloid peptide (Aβ1-40). Although an antiparallel β-sheet organization often is assumed and is invoked in recent structural models for full-length β-amyloid fibrils, the MQNMR data indicate an in-register, parallel organization. This work provides site-specific, atomic-level structural constraints on full-length β-amyloid fibrils and applies MQNMR to a significant problem in structural biology.
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| 3. |
- Antzutkin, Oleg, et al.
(author)
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Supramolecular structural constraints on Alzheimer's β-amyloid fibrils from electron microscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance
- 2002
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In: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 41:51, s. 15436-15450
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We describe electron microscopy (EM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements on amyloid fibrils formed by the 42-residue β-amyloid peptide associated with Alzheimer's disease (Aβ1-42) and by residues 10-35 of the full-length peptide (Aβ10-35). These measurements place constraints on the supramolecular structure of the amyloid fibrils, especially the type of β-sheets present in the characteristic amyloid cross-β structural motif and the assembly of these β-sheets into a fibril. EM images of negatively stained Aβ10-35 fibrils and measurements of fibril mass per length (MPL) by STEM show a strong dependence of fibril morphology and MPL on pH. Aβ10-35 fibrils formed at pH 3.7 are single "protofilaments" with MPL equal to twice the value expected for a single cross-β layer. Aβ10-35 fibrils formed at pH 7.4 are apparently pairs of protofilaments or higher order bundles. EM and STEM data for Aβ1-42 fibrils indicate that protofilaments with MPL equal to twice the value expected for a single cross-β layer are also formed by Aβ1-42 and that these protofilaments exist singly and in pairs at pH 7.4. Solid-state NMR measurements of intermolecular distances in Aβ10-35 fibrils, using multiple-quantum 13C NMR, 13C-13C dipolar recoupling, and 15N-13C dipolar recoupling techniques, support the in-register parallel β-sheet organization previously established by Lynn, Meredith, Botto, and co-workers [Benzinger et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 13407-13412; Benzinger et al. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 3491-3499] and show that this β-sheet organization is present at pH 3.7 as well as pH 7.4 despite the differences in fibril morphology and MPL. Solid-state NMR measurements of intermolecular distances in Aβ1-42 fibrils, which represent the first NMR data on Aβ1-42 fibrils, also indicate an in-register parallel β-sheet organization. These results, along with previously reported data on Aβ1-40 fibrils, suggest that the supramolecular structures of Aβ10-35, Aβ1-40, and Aβ1-42 fibrils are quite similar. A schematic structural model of these fibrils, consistent with known experimental EM, STEM, and solid-state NMR data, is presented.
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| 4. |
- Balbach, John J., et al.
(author)
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Amyloid Fibril Formation by Aβ16-22, a Seven-Residue Fragment of the Alzheimer's β-Amyloid Peptide, and Structural Characterization by Solid State NMR
- 2000
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In: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 39:45, s. 13748-13759
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The seven-residue peptide N-acetyl-Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe-Ala-Glu-NH2, called Aβ16-22 and representing residues 16-22 of the full-length β-amyloid peptide associated with Alzheimer's disease, is shown by electron microscopy to form highly ordered fibrils upon incubation of aqueous solutions. X-ray powder diffraction and optical birefringence measurements confirm that these are amyloid fibrils. The peptide conformation and supramolecular organization in Aβ16-22 fibrils are investigated by solid state 13C NMR measurements. Two-dimensional magic-angle spinning (2D MAS) exchange and constant-time double-quantum-filtered dipolar recoupling (CTDQFD) measurements indicate a β-strand conformation of the peptide backbone at the central phenylalanine. One-dimensional and two-dimensional spectra of selectively and uniformly labeled samples exhibit 13C NMR line widths of <2 ppm, demonstrating that the peptide, including amino acid side chains, has a well-ordered conformation in the fibrils. Two-dimensional 13C-13C chemical shift correlation spectroscopy permits a nearly complete assignment of backbone and side chain 13C NMR signals and indicates that the β-strand conformation extends across the entire hydrophobic segment from Leu17 through Ala21. 13C multiple-quantum (MQ) NMR and 13C/15N rotational echo double-resonance (REDOR) measurements indicate an antiparallel organization of β-sheets in the Aβ16-22 fibrils. These results suggest that the degree of structural order at the molecular level in amyloid fibrils can approach that in peptide or protein crystals, suggest how the supramolecular organization of β-sheets in amyloid fibrils can be dependent on the peptide sequence, and illustrate the utility of solid state NMR measurements as probes of the molecular structure of amyloid fibrils. Aβ16-22 is among the shortest fibril-forming fragments of full-length β-amyloid reported to date, and hence serves as a useful model system for physical studies of amyloid fibril formation.
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| 5. |
- Petkova, Aneta T., et al.
(author)
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A structural model for Alzheimer's β-amyloid fibrils based on experimental constraints from solid state NMR
- 2002
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 99:26, s. 16742-16747
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a structural model for amyloid fibrils formed by the 40-residue β-amyloid peptide associated with Alzheimer's disease (Aβ1-40), based on a set of experimental constraints from solid state NMR spectroscopy. The model additionally incorporates the cross-β structural motif established by x-ray fiber diffraction and satisfies constraints on Aβ1-40 fibril dimensions and mass-per-length determined from electron microscopy. Approximately the first 10 residues of Aβ1-40 are structurally disordered in the fibrils. Residues 12-24 and 30-40 adopt β-strand conformations and form parallel β-sheets through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Residues 25-29 contain a bend of the peptide backbone that brings the two β-sheets in contact through sidechain-sidechain interactions. A single cross-β unit is then a double-layered β-sheet structure with a hydrophobic core and one hydrophobic face. The only charged sidechains in the core are those of D23 and K28, which form salt bridges. Fibrils with minimum mass-per-length and diameter consist of two cross-β units with their hydrophobic faces juxtaposed.
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